1. Selected Graphical Symbols of Electrotechnology
1.1. Graphical Symbols for General Circuit Elements
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Term
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Graphical Symbol
| |
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in full
|
simplified
| |
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Polarity
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positive
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+
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negative
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-
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centre point, neutral
|
N
| |
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Directions of transmission and motion
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energy direction
|
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direction of motion
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sense of rotation (rotating)
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direction of turning
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Possibilities of adjusting, setting
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adjusting
|
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setting
|
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Variabilities
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general, linear
|
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non-linear
|
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Pulse shapes
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rectangular pulse, positive
|
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rectangular pulse, negative
|
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Shieldings
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general
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- - - -
| |
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electrostatic
|
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electromagnetic
|
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shielding of a component
|
 | |
1.2. Graphical Symbols for Types of Current, Voltage and Connections
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Term
|
Graphical Symbol
| |
|
in full
|
simplified
| |
|
Type of voltage and current
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direct voltage
|
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direct current
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alternating voltage, alternating current
|
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alternating voltage within the range of audio frequency
|
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alternating voltage within the range of high frequency
|
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direct or alternating voltage
|
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Alternating current connections
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star connection
|
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delta connection
|
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star-delta connection
|
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zig-zag connection
|
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1.3. Graphical Symbols for Lines and Line Connections
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Term
|
Graphical Symbol
| |
|
in full
|
simplified
| |
|
Lines
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|
line, general
|
| |
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2 lines
|
 |
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3 lines
|
 |
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4 lines
|
 |
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n - lines
|
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crossing of two lines without connection
|
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crossing of two lines with connection
|
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shielded line
|
 |
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coaxial line
|
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Line and cable connections
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|
earth connection
|
 | |
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ground connection (chassis or the like)
|
 | |
|
disconnectable and non-disconnectable electrical connection,
general
|
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|
disconnectable electrical connection, e.g. terminal
|
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cable termination
|
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coupling sleeve
|
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joint box for a branching
|
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joint box for two branchings
|
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1.4. Graphical Symbols for Resistors
|
Term
|
Graphical Symbol
| |
|
in full
|
simplified
| |
|
resistor, general
|
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resistor, variable, with possible circuit interruption
|
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resistor, variable, without circuit interruption
|
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resistor as voltage divider
|
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resistor, adjustable
|
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resistor, infinitely variable resistor, voltage-dependent
non-linear
|
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fusible cut-out, general
|
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potential fuse, general
|
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two-electrode arrester
|
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ion arrester (dot = gas filing)
|
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1.5. Graphical Symbols for Capacitors
|
Term
|
Graphical Symbol
| |
|
in full
|
simplified
| |
|
capacitor, general
|
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|
electrolyte capacitors
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|
polarised
|
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non-polarised
|
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lead-in capacitor, polarised
|
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lead-in capacitor, non-polarised
|
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variable capacitor
|
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variable capacitor with indication of rotor
|
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anti-interference capacitor
|
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1.6. Graphical Symbols for Coils and Transformers
|
Term
|
Graphical Symbol
| |
|
in full
|
simplified
| |
|
Coils
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|
general
|
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or
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air-cored coil
|
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|
or
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air-cored coil with two tappings
|
or
 | |
|
iron core
|
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iron core and air gap
|
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iron dust core
|
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iron-core choke
|
or
 |
 |
|
Transformers
| ||
|
single-phase transformer with iron core (if errors cannot be
made, the core need not be drawn)
|
  | |
|
single-phase transformer with iron-core and 3 windings (core not
represented)
|
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three-phase transformer in star-star connection (core not
represented)
|
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three-phase transformer, star-delta connection
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three-phase autotransformer in star connection
|
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1.7. Graphical Symbols for Current and Voltage Transformers
|
Term
|
Graphical Symbol
| |
|
in full
|
simplified
| |
|
Current transformers
| ||
|
primary winding
|
 or | |
|
secondary winding
|
 or  | |
|
current transformer, general
|
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|
Voltage transformers
| ||
|
general
|
or
 |
 |
|
capacitive
|
or
 | |
1.8. Graphical Symbols for Electrochemical and Electrothermal Sources
|
Term
|
Graphical Symbol
| |
|
in full
|
simplified
| |
|
battery cell, general
|
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|
battery, 5 cells with one tapping
|
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|
thermoelectric element
|
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1.9. Graphical Symbols for Tubes
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Term
|
Graphical Symbol
| |
|
in full
|
simplified
| |
|
diode, indirectly heated
|
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duodiode, indirectly heated
|
or
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|
triode, indirectly heated
|
or
 | |
|
duotriode with separated cathodes, indirectly heated, heating
filament with central tapping, internal screening of the system
|
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tetrode
|
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pentode, suppressor grid connected with cathode
|
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triode - pentode
|
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triode - heptode (according to the circuit, the systems may be
drawn left-and-right reversed)
|
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1.10. Graphical Symbols for Semiconductors
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Term
|
Graphical Symbol
| |
|
in full
|
simplified
| |
|
Transistors
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|
point contact transistor or junction transistor, type p-n-p
|
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|
n-p-n transistor
|
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|
Semiconductor diodes
| ||
|
diode with rectifying function
|
or
 | |
|
capacity diode
|
 | |
|
tunnel diode
|
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|
avalanche rectifier diode
|
 | |
|
avalanche rectifier diode with avalanche effect in both
directions
|
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|
backward diode
|
 | |
|
Thyristors
| ||
|
general
|
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|
backward blocking
|
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backward conducting
|
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n-type gate, controlled at anode side
|
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|
p-type gate, controlled at cathode side
|
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|
Semiconductor elements which can be influenced by light
| ||
|
photoresistance cell
|
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|
photodiode
|
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|
photocell with depletion layer
|
 | |
|
phototriode p-n-p
|
 | |
|
switching diode p-n-p-n
|
 | |
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Semiconductor circuits
| ||
|
switching diode p-n-p-n
|
 | |
|
semiconductor valves in bridge connection
|
 or  |
 |
1.11. Graphical Symbols for Switching Devices
|
Term
|
Graphical Symbol
| |
|
in full
|
simplified
| |
|
Switching members
| ||
|
make contacts, general
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break contacts, general
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change-over switch, general
|
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change-over switch with central rest position
|
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Relay switching members
| ||
|
make contacts
|
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break contacts
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 |
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change-over switch with interruption in switching
|
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Switches
| ||
|
hand-actuated lever switch
|
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|
make contacts with automatic resetting
|
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break contacts with automatic resetting
|
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disconnecting switch, three-pole
|
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power circuit-breaker, three-pole
|
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|
power breaker, three-pole
|
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power switch, three-pole
|
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|
switch, three-pole, with one make contact and two break contacts
|
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Drive members
| ||
|
drive, general
|
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drive, thermal
|
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drive by centrifugal force
|
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drive by piston
|
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drive by electrical motor
|
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drive by cams
|
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drive by float
|
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manual drive
|
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manual drive with automatic resetting
|
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foot drive
|
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actuation by means of a key
|
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drive by relay or contactor
|
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Electrical drive systems
| ||
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relay winding only for alternating current
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winding of a relay insensitive to alternating current
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winding of an electro-thermal relay
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winding of a remanence relay
|
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winding of a polarised relay
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winding for relay tripping by over-current
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winding for relay tripping by undercurrent
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winding for relay tripping by reverse current
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winding for relay tripping by overvoltage
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winding for relay tripping by undervoltage
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winding for relay tripping by error voltage
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winding for thermal tripping of relay
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relay winding with delay of attraction
|
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relay winding with delay of dropping
|
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relay winding with delay of attraction and dropping
|
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relay winding with electrothermal delay
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relay winding with electronic delay
|
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winding for relay tripping by open-circuit working
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winding for relay tripping by closed-circuit working
|
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winding for relay tripping by overcurrent with time lag
|
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Plugged connections
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receptacle
|
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|
plug
|
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connector, single-pole
|
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|
connector, four-pole
|
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h.f. coaxial receptacle
|
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h.f. coaxial connector
|
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h.f. coaxial connector, two - core
|
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1.12. Graphical Symbols for Machines
|
Term
|
Graphical Symbol
| |
|
in full
|
simplified
| |
|
rotor with winding, commutator and brushes
|
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|
asynchronous machine, stator in delta connection, rotor in star
connection
|
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|
direct-current generator
|
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|
direct-current motor
|
  |
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|
three-phase generator
|
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|
three-phase motor (cage rotor)
|
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|
three-phase motor (slip-ring rotor)
|
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1.13. Graphical Symbols for Meter Movements and Measuring Instruments
|
Term
|
Graphical Symbol
| |
|
in full
|
simplified
| |
|
voltage path of a movement
|
or
 | |
|
current path of a movement
|
or
 | |
|
movement of a wattmeter
|
 | |
|
voltage paths for summation or differentiation
|
 | |
|
current paths for summation or differentiation
|
 | |
|
movement of a two-phase wattmeter with 2 elements
|
 | |
|
movement of an ohmmeter
|
 | |
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movement of a frequency meter
|
 | |
|
Measuring instruments
| ||
|
voltmeter
|
 |
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|
ammeter
|
 |
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|
wattmeter with 2 elements
|
 |
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|
electrometer
|
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1.14. Graphical Symbols of Electroacoustics
|
Term
|
Graphical Symbol
| |
|
in full
|
simplified
| |
|
Devices
| ||
|
telephone receiver
|
or
 | |
|
microphone
|
or
 | |
|
throat microphone
|
 | |
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hand set
|
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|
loudspeaker
|
or
 | |
|
monohead, general
|
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|
stereohead, general
|
 | |
|
record head, mechanical
|
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|
replay head, mechanical
|
 | |
|
magnetic head, general
|
 | |
|
recording head
|
 | |
|
playback head
|
 | |
|
magnetic head for recording and playback
|
 | |
|
erasing head
|
 | |
|
bell, general
|
 | |
|
alternating current bell
|
 | |
|
direct current bell
|
 | |
|
single-stroke bell
|
 | |
|
buzzer
|
 | |
|
horn
|
 | |
|
siren
|
 | |
|
howler
|
 | |
|
Signs
| ||
|
electromagnetic
|
 | |
|
electrodynamic by coil
|
 | |
|
electrodynamic by band
|
 | |
|
piezoelectric
|
 | |
|
magnetostrictive
|
 | |
|
capacitive
|
 | |
|
carbon
|
 | |
|
Examples
| ||
|
electromagnetic telephone receiver
|
 | |
|
carbon microphone
|
 | |
|
capacitor microphone
|
 | |
|
magnetostrictive loudspeaker
|
 | |
1.15. Graphical Symbols for Wiring Plans
|
Term
|
Graphical Symbol
| |
|
in full
|
simplified
| |
|
distribution box
|
 |
 |
|
cut-out, single-pole
|
 |
 |
|
cut-out, two-pole
|
 |
 |
|
cut-out, three-pole
|
 |
 |
|
group switch, single-pole
|
 | |
|
multi-circuit switch, single-pole
|
 |
 |
|
single-pole double-throw switch
|
 |
 |
|
four-way switch, single-pole
|
 |
 |
|
plug socket, single
|
 | |
|
plug socket, double
|
 | |
|
plug socket with protective contact, single
|
 |
 |
|
plug socket with protective contact, double
|
 | |
|
luminous key switch
|
 | |
|
glow lamp
|
 | |
|
fluorescent lamp
|
 |
 |
|
glow igniter
|
 | |
|
door opener
|
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