Cranes are used to move materials over variable paths within a
restricted area. The major types of cranes are:
General characteristics of cranes:
Operates like an arm in a work area,
where it can function as a manipulator for positioning tasks
A hoist is attached to the arm for lifting
Arm mounted on the wall or attached to a floor mounted support
Arm can rotate 360°
The hoist can move along the arm
Bridge mounted on tracks that are
located on opposite walls of the facility
Enables three-dimensional handling
Top riding (heavier loads) or underhung (more versatile) versions of the crane
Underhung crane can transfer loads and interface with other MHS (e.g., monorail systems)
Single leg, double leg, and mobile types of gantry cranes
Similar to a bridge crane except that it is floor supported at one or both ends instead of overhead (wall) supported
Used to span a smaller portion of the work area as compared to a bridge crane
The supports can be fixed in position or they can travel on runways
Can be used outdoors when "floor" supported at both ends
Similar to a bridge crane except that,
instead of a hoist, it uses a mast with forks or a platform to
handle unit loads
Considered "fork trucks on a rail"
Used for storing and retrieving unit loads in storage racks, especially in high-rise applications in which the racks are more than 50 feet high
Can be controlled remotely or by an operator in a cab on the mast
Can be rack supported
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General characteristics of cranes:
- Used to move loads over variable (horizontal and vertical) paths within a restricted area
- Used when there is insufficient (or intermittent) flow volume such that the use of a conveyor cannot be justified
- Provide more flexibility in movement than conveyors
- Provide less flexibility in movement than industrial trucks
- Loads handled are more varied with respect to their shape and weight than those handled by a conveyor
- Most cranes utilize hoists for vertical movement, although manipulators can be used if precise positioning of the load is required
1. Jib Crane
Operates like an arm in a work area,
where it can function as a manipulator for positioning tasksA hoist is attached to the arm for lifting
Arm mounted on the wall or attached to a floor mounted support
Arm can rotate 360°
The hoist can move along the arm
2. Bridge Crane
Bridge mounted on tracks that are
located on opposite walls of the facilityEnables three-dimensional handling
Top riding (heavier loads) or underhung (more versatile) versions of the crane
Underhung crane can transfer loads and interface with other MHS (e.g., monorail systems)
3. Gantry Crane
Single leg, double leg, and mobile types of gantry cranes
Similar to a bridge crane except that it is floor supported at one or both ends instead of overhead (wall) supported
Used to span a smaller portion of the work area as compared to a bridge crane
The supports can be fixed in position or they can travel on runways
Can be used outdoors when "floor" supported at both ends
4. Stacker Crane
Similar to a bridge crane except that,
instead of a hoist, it uses a mast with forks or a platform to
handle unit loadsConsidered "fork trucks on a rail"
Used for storing and retrieving unit loads in storage racks, especially in high-rise applications in which the racks are more than 50 feet high
Can be controlled remotely or by an operator in a cab on the mast
Can be rack supported
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