The sum of fictitious
armature reaction reactance accounted for considering armature reaction
effect and the leakage reactance of the armature called synchronous
reactance of the alternator demoted as Xs.
So Xs = XL + Xar Ω/ph
As both XL and Xar are ohmic values per phase, synchronous reactance is also specified as ohms per phase.
Now from this, it is possible to define an impedance of the
armature winding. Such an impedance obtained by combining per phase
values of synchronous reactance and armature resistance is called
synchronous impedance of the alternator denoted as Zs.
So Zs = Ra + j Xs Ω/ph
And | Zs | = √ (Ra2 + j (Xs)2 )
For getting a standard frequency, alternator is to be driven at
synchronous speed. So word synchronous used in specifying the reactance
and impedance is referred to the working speed of the alternator.
Generally impedance of the winding is constant but in case of
alternator, synchronous reactance depends on the load and its power
factor condition, hence synchronous impedance also varies with the load
and its power factor conditions.
