Mathematical Modelling of Control System
There are various types of physical systems namely we have- Mechanical system.
- Electrical system.
- Electronic system.
- Thermal system.
- Hydraulic system.
- Chemical system etc.
Before I describe these systems in detail let us know, what is the meaning of modeling of the system? Mathematical modelling of control system is the process of drawing the block diagram for these types of systems in order to determine the performance and the transfer functions. Now let us describe mechanical and electrical type of systems in detail. We will derive analogies between mechanical and electrical system only which are most important in understanding the theory of control system.
Mathematical Modelling of Mechanical Systems
We have two types of mechanical systems. Mechanical system may be a linear mechanical system or it may be a rotational mechanical type of system. In linear mechanical type of systems we have three variables -- Force which is represented by ‘F’.
- Velocity which is represented by ‘V’.
- Linear displacement represented by ‘X’
- Mass which is represented by ‘M’.
- Coefficient of viscous friction which is represented by ‘B’.
- Spring constant which is represented by ‘K’.
In rotational mechanical type of systems we have three variables-
- Torque which is represented by ‘T’.
- Angular velocity which is represented by ‘ω’
- Angular displacement represented by ‘θ’
- Moment of inertia which is represented by ‘J’.
- Coefficient of viscous friction which is represented by ‘B’.
Now let us consider the linear displacement mechanical system which is shown below- We have already marked various variables in the diagram itself. We have x is the displacement as shown in the diagram. From the Newton’s second law of motion, we can write force as-
Mathematical Modelling of Electrical System
In electrical type of systems we have three variables -- Voltage which is represented by ‘V’.
- Current which is represented by ‘I’.
- Charge which is represented by ‘Q’.
- Resistance which is represented by ‘R’.
- Capacitance which is represented by ‘C’.
- Inductance which is represented by ‘L’.
Force Voltage Analogy : In order to understand this type of analogy, let us consider a circuit which consists of series combination of resistor, inductor and capacitor.
A voltage V is connected in series with these elements as shown in the circuit diagram. Now from the circuit diagram and with the help of KVL equation we write the expression for voltage in terms of charge, resistance, capacitor and inductor as,
- Mass (M) is analogous to inductance (L).
- Force is analogous to voltage V.
- Displacement (x) is analogous to charge (Q).
- Coefficient of friction (B) is analogous to resistance R and
- Spring constant is analogous to inverse of the capacitor (C).
Force Current Analogy : In order to understand this type of analogy, let us consider a circuit which consists of parallel combination of resistor, inductor and capacitor.
A voltage E is connected in parallel with these elements as shown in the circuit diagram. Now from the circuit diagram and with the help of KCL equation we write the expression for current in terms of flux, resistance, capacitor and inductor as,
- Mass (M) is analogous to Capacitor (C).
- Force is analogous to current I.
- Displacement (x) is analogous to flux (ψ).
- Coefficient of friction (B) is analogous to resistance 1/ R and
- Spring constant K is analogous to inverse of the inductor (L).
Now let us consider the rotational mechanical type of system which is shown below we have already marked various variables in the diagram itself. We have θ is the angular displacement as shown in the diagram. From the mechanical system, we can write equation for torque (which is analogous to force) as torque as,
No comments:
Post a Comment