Simple Fire Alarm Circuit using Thermistor – Electronic Circuit

In our day-to-day life, we typically use several electronic appliances such as calling bell, TV remote, automatic outdoor lights, automatic door opening systems, fire alarm systems, etc.,. These electronic home appliances are designed using various electronics projects that include sensor based circuits, microcontroller based circuits, embedded circuits, communication based projects and so on. In this article, let us discuss about simple fire alarm circuit using thermistor.

Fire Alarm Circuit

The most essential electronic device at home or industry or any other place where there is a chance of fire accident is a fire alarm circuit. The fire alarm circuit can be defined as an electronic circuit used for identifying fire accident and alert. Thus, by using the fire alarm circuit, we can avoid financial loss and also save people from dangerous fire accidents.

Electronics Projects

There are numerous electronics projects which we use in our day-to-day life, such as fire alarm circuit, automatic outdoor lighting system, automatic fan regulator, night sensing light, kitchen timer, discotheque lights and so on. These electronics projects can be realized over the breadboard without soldering any component, hence these projects are also called as solderless breadboard projects. The solderless breadboard projects can be used for testing the projects working, outputs of various circuits with different components, the same set of components can be reused for designing various projects with a few additional components.

5-Simple Steps to Build Fire Alarm Project

The fire alarm project is designed for developing a temperature control system using thermistor. This simple fire alarm circuit using thermistor can be developed on your own over a solderless breadboard by following simple steps. Hence, it can be considered as a fire alarm mini project.

Step1: Fire Alarm Circuit Block Diagram Estimation

The block diagram of fire alarm circuit block diagram can be estimated based on the requirement and application of project.

Fire Alarm System Block Diagram

The simple fire alarm system is one of the innovative solderless breadboard projects. This fire alarm project block diagram consists of thermistor, transistor, indicator and battery.

Step2: Gathering Required Components for Fire Alarm Circuit

Electrical & Electronics 

Components

Based on the block diagram of fire alarm system the components required for designing fire alarm circuit can be estimated. Thus, all the required electrical and electronic components can be purchased from any online electronics stores (like www.edgefxkits.com in various types of kits such as a project kit – individual components, ready-made kit – fully developed kit-plug & play type and DIY kit – Do It Yourself kit). The electronics components such as thermistor, transistor, indicator, battery, etc., are required components for designing fire alarm circuit.

Step3: Estimating the Fire Alarm Circuit Diagram

                  Fire Alarm System Breadboard Project

The components are connected together to form the fire alarm circuit using connecting wires as shown in the above figure. Here, a solderless breadboard is used to connect all the components to form the required fire alarm project circuit. The same set of components can be used for designing different circuits or to enhance the circuit by connecting a few additional components.

Step4: Connecting & Soldering Circuit

Soldering Procedure

The same circuit after testing output over solderless breadboard can be connected over PCB (printed circuit board) and soldered to avoid misplacing of the components or disconnection of the circuit. The soldering of components to form a circuit can be done by following a few basic soldering techniques. Thus, the circuit can be connected and soldered on PCB according to the tested circuit.

Step5: Fire Alarm Working Principle

The fire alarm working principle is based on thermistor used in the fire alarm circuit. This fire alarm circuit is used to identify and indicate an increase in temperature beyond certain value (temperature of an enclosed area).

The increase in temperature is indicated by turning ON the LED (cooling system can be used to bring the temperature to its normal value). Thus, if the temperature exceeds a certain value, then the cooler or load turns ON automatically without any monitoring system. To actuate the relay instead of LED, operational amplifier along with negative coefficient thermistor can be used.

In this fire alarm mini project circuit, thermistor is used as a temperature sensor because thermistor is very economical compared to all other temperature sensors. But, for applications that require linear response correction is needed as thermistors exhibit highly nonlinear resistance vs temperature characteristics. In the above block diagram if the temperature changes then the input to NPN transistor changes. The output of NPN transistor is used to turn ON the LED indicator. The accuracy of this fire alarm mini project can be increased by using a digital temperature sensor instead of analog. This project can be further enhanced to extinguish fire using fire fighting robot project.

The fire fighting robot is used to extinguish fire which can be detected using temperature sensor. The fire fighting robot consists of a water tank with a pump to sprinkle water in case of a fire accident.

Are you interested in designing electronics projects? Do you want to design fire alarm project on your own using our solderless breadboard project? Feel free to post your comments, suggestions and ideas in the comments section below.