Nowadays without electricity we cannot
imagine our daily life because electricity has become a necessity for
all, without which day-to-day life chores & daily activities become
stand still. Due to the depletion of non-renewable resources,
conservation of energy has become mandatory and by doing so we can reduce electricity bills as well. We know that energies like wind energy, solar energy
and hydro energy are called renewable energy sources which are
renewable in nature. Therefore, utilization of these resources for power
supply is the best possible way of producing, conserving and renewing
energy, which is advantageous as it is pollution free, affordable, and
free from environmental impacts.
Automatic room light controller
On the other hand, the energy resources
like petroleum, coal, natural gas, uranium and propane are called non
-renewable resources, because their supplies are limited. Many
environmental effects and day-by-day depleting energy resources warn us
to save energy by using automatic room controller and energy-efficient lighting
systems. Nowadays the wastage of electricity has become a routine thing
for us, and the problem has become frequent at homes, schools, and
colleges and even in industries. Sometimes we notice fans and lights
keep on working even in the absence of people. This often happens in
homes, offices and public places due to utter negligence of the inmates.
However, there is a solution to control
energy efficient lights at home by using automatic room light
controller. This article provides information about such a solution of
energy efficient lighting to conserve energy by optimizing home
appliances such as lights, fans, etc.
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Automatic Room Light Control
When we enter a room, as a habitual
tendency, we often search for a switch to turn the light on, and if we
are new to the room, we often find it difficult to locate the switch.
Most of the times, many of us forget to switch off the lights while
leaving the room in which we stay most of the time. This results in
unnecessary power wastage. Therefore, an automatic room-light controller
automatically turns on the lights when a person enters into a room, and
turns off the lights when the person leaves the room. This automatic
room controller can be implemented by using a simple microcontroller and
wireless IR technologies.
Home Automation with Automatic Room Light Controller
Automatic Room Light Controller with a Visitor Counter
This system is designed by using two
sets of IR transmitters and receivers. These IR sensors are placed in
such a way that they detect a person entering and leaving the room to
turn the home appliances. In this optimun energy management system,
a microcontroller is the central processing unit of this project which
is of 89S51 controller from the 8051 family. This system facilitates a
bidirectional visitor counter for displaying the number of persons
inside the room.
Automatic Room Light Controller with a Visitor Counter
When a person enters into the room, an
IR beam is obstructed between the IR transmitter and the receiver. This
IR obstruction from the sensor-1 gives the corresponding signal to the
microcontroller. The microcontroller is programmed in
such a way that by the reception of the signal from the sensor-1 it
turns on the fans and lights inside the room. Thus, the microcontroller
gives command signals to a relay driver which turns the relays such that all these appliances turn on.
When the person leaves from this room, another set of IR sensors
enable and give control signals to the microcontroller. Furthermore,
similar to the above process, this system turns off the appliances like
fans and lights. Apart from this, the system also takes account of the
number of persons inside the room so that this control operation is
varied depending on the persons’ availability in the room.
For every person entering and leaving the room, the microcontroller
reads the digital input from two receivers, and calculates the number
of persons inside the room, and then displays it on the LCD. When the
persons’ count is greater than one, the microcontroller turns on the
room light and when the persons’ count is zero, it turns off all the
lights and fans.
Zigbee Based Automatic Operation of Room Lights and Appliance Control
This project uses Zigbee wireless technology,
and it is an advanced version of the above discussed project. It can be
implemented wherever the appliance control systems and the detecting
circuits are placed at certain distance in meters. In this controller,
the Zigbee transmitter is kept at the input side, where the detection of
humans and other sensing circuitry is placed, and the receiver is
placed at the control side to switch various appliances.
Zigbee wireless technology
At the transmitter side, a regulated DC
power drives the entire transmitting circuit wherein different sensors
like IR, PIR, LDR and temperature sensors are attached to the
microcontroller with a Zigbee transmitter module. Human detection is
performed by IR and PIR sensors,
i.e., when any object enters the IR sensor, it detects and sends the
signals to the microcontroller, then the microcontroller confirms that
whether the entered person is human or not with the help of PIR sensor.
Zigbee Based Automatic Operation of Room Lights
Similarly, an LDR continuously monitors
the room lighting; during the day time, enough lighting in the room
doesn’t necessitates the lamps to turn on, and therefore, an LDR does this job by giving pulses to the microcontroller. Likewise, the temperature is sensed by the temperature sensors
to turn the fans on. All these sensors data is collected by the
microcontroller and is processed for meeting certain conditions. The
microcontroller sends that control signals to zigbee transmitter that
transfers the data to the receiver side for turning the lights and fans
on.
At the receiver side, another
microcontroller is placed as a central processing unit to control all
the equipments or appliances in the room. After receiving the control
signals from the transmitter section, the Zigbee receiver sends these
signals to the microcontroller. The controller processes this data and
sends the command signals to a relay driver
that drives different relays attached to the appliances like blubs and
fans. In this way, automatic operation of room lights and appliances is
controlled wirelessly by a Zigbee modem.
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It is also possible to add a GSM modem to this project for knowing the status of the equipment and to control it accordingly through an SMS to perform the remote operations as well.
This is all about the automatic room
controller designing with the use of simple microcontrollers. Hence, for
energy conservation it is better to use this type of home automation
system. For any kind of further information or for any doubts on these
circuits implementation and Electronics Projects , you can reach to us by commenting below.
Photo Credits
- Automatic room light controller by blogspot
- Home Automation with Automatic Room Light Controller by bubaraba
- Zigbee wireless technology by ledsmagazine
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