Engineering activities involved in the creation and
operation of the technical and economic processes that convert raw
materials, energy, and purchased items into components for sale to other
manufacturers or into end products for sale to the customer.
Defined
in this way, manufacturing engineering includes product design and
manufacturing system design as well as operation of the factory.
More
specifically manufacturing engineering involves the analysis and
modification of product designs so as to assure manufacturability; the
design, selection, specification and optimization of the required
equipment, tooling, processes and operations and the determination of
other technical matters required to make a given product according to
the desired volume, timetable, cost, quality level and other
specifications.
Manufacturing process:
Manufacturing
process is science and technology by which a material is converted into
a useful shape, with a structure and properties. In a simple technical
definition of a material processing might be “all that is done to
convert stuff into things”.
Manufacturing is an
economic term for making good and services available to satisfy human
needs. Manufacturing implies creating value by applying useful mental or
physical labour.
Modern manufacturing Environment:
In
a modern manufacturing environment, an organizations strategy for
highly automated systems and the role for workers in these systems are
generally based on one of two distinct philosophical approaches.
One
approach views workers within the planet as the greatest source of
error. This approach uses computer integrated manufacturing technology
to reduce the workers influence on the manufacturing process.
The
second approach uses computer integrated manufacturing technology to
help the workers make the best product possible. It implies that workers
use the technology to control variance, detect and correct error, and
adapt to a changing marketplace.
A high technology
development in computing and electronics, designed to enhance
manufacturing capabilities. Advanced manufacturing technology is used in
all areas of manufacturing includes design control, fabrication and
assembly.
This family of technologies included
Robotics, Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Engineering (CAE),
MRP II, Automated material handling systems, Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI), Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM), Flexible
Manufacturing Systems (FMS), and Group Technology (GT).
The best approach utilizes the attributes of employees in the factory to produce products in response to customer demand.
This
viewpoint enables the employees to exert some control over the system,
rather than simply serving it. The employees can then use the system as a
tool to achieve production goals.
As
technology and automation have advanced, it has become necessary for
manufacturing engineers to gain a much broader perspective.
They
must be able to function in an integrated activity involving product
design, product manufacture, and product use. They also have to consider
how the product will be destroyed as well as the efficient recovery of
the materials used in its manufacture.
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