DRILL TOOL NOMENCLATURE
A drill or twist drill is a grooved end-cutting tool
used for manufacturing holes in firm material. It basically consists of
two parts.
· The body consisting of the cutting edges, and
· The shank used for holding purposes.
The various parts and angle of the twist drill are shown below
Body
The
body of the twist drill spiral grooves cut on it. These grooves serve
to offer clearance to the chips formed at the cutting edge. They also
permit the cutting fluid to spread to the cutting edges.
Shank
It
is a part that gets fitted into the drill chuck or sleeve. It might be
parallel shank or taper shank. Smaller diameter drills have straight
shank. Morse taper is generally provided for large diameter tapered
drills. The taper shank brings the tang at the end of shank. This fits
into a slot in the machine spindle, sleeve or socket and gives a
positive grip.
Neck
It is the undercut portion between the body and the shank. Usually, size and other details are marked at the neck.
Point
It is the cone fashioned end of the drill. The point is shaped to produce lip, face, and flank and chisel edge or dead center.
Land or Margin
It
is a narrow strip. It ranges back on the edge of the drill flutes. The
size of drill is measured across the lands at the point end. Land
retains the drill aligned.
Web
It is the central portion of drill located between the roots of the grooves and lengthening from the point towards the shank.
Chisel edge
The
intersection of flank forms the chisel edge. This acts as a flat drill.
It cuts a small hole in the work piece at the beginning. Therefore
cutting edges removes further materials to complete the hole.
Cutting edge
The
cutting edges of a drill are known as lips. Both lips should have equal
length, same angle of inclination and correct clearance.
Flank
The surface behind the lip to the following flute is called flank.
Face
This is the portion of the flute surface adjacent to the lip. The chip impinges on it.
Heel
The edge which is formed by the intersection of the flute surface and the body clearance is known as heel.
Point angle
It
is the angle between the cutting edges. It is generally 118 degree. Its
value depends upon the hardness of the work piece to be drilled. For
harder material, larger angles are used.
Point angle
It
is the angle between the face and the line parallel to the drill axis.
At the periphery of the drill, it is equal to the helix angle.
Helix angle
It is the angle between the leading edge of the land and the axis of the drill. It is also called as spiral angle.
Lip clearance angle
It
is the angle formed by the portion of the flank adjacent to the land
and a plane at right angles to the drill axis measured at the periphery
of the drill.
Chisel edge angle
It is the obtuse angle between the chisel edge and the lip. Generally, this angle is 120 and 135 degree.
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